Theme Of Manipulation In Othello - 1210 Words

The play, Othello, written by William Shakespeare is full of betrayal, death, and manipulation. It is a tragic play which follows the theme Shakespeare carries throughout most of his plays. Othello is a play about love and death and everything in between. Eric Iliff summarizes, â€Å"Othello is essentially a play about human nature and its ability to turn against itself, and a man whose inability to obtain self-awareness drives him towards an evil act that destroys not only his earthly salvation, but his eternal salvation as well† (Iliff, 3). The characters of Othello bring about manipulation, evil, jealously and rage. This is shown throughout the play, mainly via Iago. The characters within the play, including Othello, Iago, and Desdemona†¦show more content†¦Othello is manipulated into believing that Desdemona is cheating on him, with little physical evidence to back the claim. He only relies on the words of Iago and the actions of Iago to build his opinion on the s ituation and come to the decision that Desdemona was an adulteress. Though, Othello is considered a weak character he is crucial in the development of the other characters and of the play itself. Iago is cunning, cruel and manipulative. He is considerably the strongest character within the play, with his ability to manipulate and control those around him. He is considered the antagonist character of the play, Othello. Iago’s manipulation could stem from the hatred of the characters of the story, mainly the women of the story. He believes women are inferior to men and that they should be considered almost slaves to the household. Hatred toward women could be derived from the suspicion that his own wife, Emilia, cheated on him. He uses his own agenda for the downfall of the other characters without remorse for his actions. Iago uses his intellect to control the scene and situation for how he sees fit. Jennifer Putnam explains, â€Å"He is clever in his diction to avoid confrontation that can easily erupt† (Putnam, 2). Iago’s expertise is saying the right thing to the right people for them to believe exactly what he wants them to believe. This isShow MoreRe latedTheme Of Manipulation In Othello826 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shakespeares play, Othello, jealousy and manipulation is a common recurring theme. This is apparent with the characters that resonate jealousy and/or manipulation. Bianca, a Cyprian courtesan is one example of these characters. With a total of fifteen lines, Bianca is indeed a minor part of the plot, however, her role in the play holds a certain significance that makes her one of the most impactful characters in the play. Bianca is introduced in the play with an encounter with Cassio, the manRead MoreTheme Of Manipulation In Othello939 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Othello by William Shakespeare, revenge and manipulation plays a major role. The manipulator is Iago and the fool is Roderigo. Throughout the play Iago takes advantage of many people but Roderigo is the most used. This essay will describe explain manipulation, persuasion, and deception between alliances. Read MoreTheme Of Manipulation In Othello713 Words   |  3 PagesManipulation is the controlling by artful, unfair, or insidious means especially to ones own advantage. In the play Othello by William Shakespeare, Iago uses manipulation to procure what he wants. The story of Othello is about a man named Othello, who married a the virtuous Desdemona. Othello and Desdemona are madly in love and have already overcame many obstacles to be together, much to the dismay of Roderigo. A man who longed for Desdemona, and consistently chased after her. He was overlookedRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello - Appearance And Reality1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthe play Othello by William Shakespeare, the theme of appearance and reality is central. The relationship between Othello, the protagonist, and Iago, the antagonist, is deceitful, malicious, and troublesome. Iago’s envy of others drives him to destroy the lives of multiple characters by pretending to be their ally. By trusting Iago, Othello s confidence is broken because he realizes he coul d no longer distinguish reality from lies. At the beginning of the play the protagonist, Othello, is introduceRead MoreAnalytical Essay Othello1047 Words   |  5 Pagesrecurring themes throughout his works, particularly those of love, death, and betrayal. All these themes are present in Othello. Most dominant, however, are manipulation and jealousy. Jealousy runs the characters’ lives in Othello from the beginning of the play, when Roderigo is jealous of Othello because he wishes to be with Desdemona, and to the end of the play, when Othello is furious with jealousy because he believes Cassio and Desdemona have been engaging in an affair, but manipulation the prominentRead MoreTheme Of Jealousy In Othello962 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare often has common themes throughout all of his poems which include love, death, and betrayal. When talking about Othello, all of these major themes are presented. Although, the major theme is jealousy. Throughout the play, jealousy is shown in each character in some way and dri ves the decisions that they make. The beginning starts with Rodrigo being covetous of Othello for being with Desdemona, and at the end where Othello is envious because he believes Desdemona is having an affair withRead More Racism in William Shakespeares Othello Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Othello The play, Othello, is certainly, in part, the tragedy of racism. Examples of racism are common throughout the dialog. This racism is directed toward Othello, a brave soldier from Africa and currently supreme commander of the Venetian army. Nearly every character uses a racial slur to insult Othello at one point in the play. Even Emilia sinks to the level of insulting Othello based on the color of his skin. The character that most commonly makes racist remarks in Othello is IagoRead MoreIts Complicated: Shakespeares Othello1450 Words   |  6 Pagestheir fault. In the Shakespearean play Othello, Iago is seen as a ruthless, power hungry man who wants to see Othello burn. Othello on the other hand appears to be a wise general who only has one weakness in particular: Desdemona. He is flat out head over heels for her which Iago uses to his advantage through the green eyed monster itself: jealousy. Jealousy is one of the main themes within the play, and plays a very important role in the tragic outcome where Othello kills Desdemona and everything unravelsRead MoreManipulation andf the Dramatic Irony of Othello by Shakespeare655 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Othello was written in the 1600’s; there were many themes to pull out while reading it. One that stood out to me the most was manipulation. There are many tactics available to get what you want and make people your puppets. Playing with their emotions and mind, by being charming, and putting on an act pretending to be interested in what’s best for them. In Othello by Shakespeare, we see how easy it is to skillfully influence gullible people using similes and dramatic irony. This play started

Ramification Of Jordan Essay Example For Students

Ramification Of Jordan Essay Trustworthy Computing Continues to Build Momentum The third year of Microsofts long-term commitment saw progress in technology investments, industry leadership and customer guidance. REDMOND, Wash., Jan. 13, 2005 Scott Charney wants people to think of using their computer in the same way they think of using their telephone. Scott Charney, vice president, Trustworthy Computing, Microsoft Corp. Not that Charney, vice president of Trustworthy Computing at Microsoft, is trying to advocate voice over other communication choices. Rather, he points out that people will walk up to almost any telephone, pick up the receiver and take for granted that they will get a dial tone. Even though the phone system occasionally fails, people are still confident that they will get a dial tone, their call will be completed, and their conversation will be secure and private. Charney wants people to think about computers in the same way. And that is why Microsoft is full steam ahead on its Trustworthy Computing initiative, which marks three years of progress on January 15. Launched by an internal memo from Chairman and Chief Software Architect Bill Gates in 2002, Trustworthy Computing is a long-term effort to create and deliver secure, private, and reliable computing experiences for everyone. Charney says Microsoft made significant progress in Trustworthy Computings third year, progress reflected in its technology investments, industry leadership and customer guidance. Even so, he says, Microsoft recognizes there is a long way to go. Remember that the telephone evolved over several decades to reach todays level of trust; party lines were hardly secure or private, he says. Computers have reached global ubiquity in only 20 years, but the industry is still maturing, and reliability, security and privacy the things that create trust are still improving. People recognize the value of computing, but many people still wonder if something bad will happen when they are using their personal computer. Trust in computing is critical if technology is to deliver on its promise. Microsofts leadership will hopefully help the industry generate that trust sooner rather than later.Technology Investment and InnovationTrustworthy OnlineMicrosoft offers numerous sites with information, tips and guidance for users, both corporate and consumer, in support of its Trustworthy Computing initiative. These include:Trustworthy Computing: Complete details about this long-term initiative. Security and Privacy Customer Assistance: More detailed information on how to deal with common security and privacy problems. Security and Privacy reference materials: Microsoft Press publishes an extensive selection of books on computer security, privacy and safety issues. Security Guidance Center: Major resource for IT professionals and developers. Security home page: An extensive resource for home and small business users. Security at Home: Home users of all expertise levels will find help and information on topics including viruses, spam, Spyware, security in laptops and mobile devices, and more. Start at Protect Your PC. Strategies for Reducing Security Risks: How to address the computer security issues that impact the bottom line. MSN Security: User-friendly help to protect yourself online. Includes tips on privacy and e-mail protections, and ways to keep your kids safe on the Web. GetNetWise: Ways to help families stay one click ahead of Web bad guys. End the Spam Epidemic: Information from the Microsoft Safety and Technology Strategy team about its work with customers, partners, and governments worldwide to address online safety issues like spam and phishing. Technology advances in the third year of Trustworthy Computing came both in products and processes at Microsoft. For example, several groups across the company collaborated with Microsofts Safety, Technology and Strategy Group to integrate anti-spam and anti-phishing technology into Hotmail, MSN, Microsoft Office 2003 and Microsoft Exchange Server 2003. New error-reporting technology in Microsoft Windows XP and Microsoft Office XP automatically captures details about product or service failures and offers users the opportunity to report those details to Microsoft to help advance product improvements. Information rights management technology in both Office 2003 and Windows Server 2003 addresses information protection concerns regarding e-mail, spreadsheets and Office documents. .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba , .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba .postImageUrl , .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba , .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba:hover , .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba:visited , .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba:active { border:0!important; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba:active , .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf3b0343cf0b474847a63144e6a5120ba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Matthew HensonDevelopment of Microsoft products that are either used in an enterprise, are routinely connected to the Internet or are used to process sensitive or personal information is now guided by the Security Development Lifecycle (SDL). The SDL is a formalized process that incorporates security checkpoints and milestones at every stage of a products lifecycle, from

Analysis of abortion as an ethical issue

Analysis of abortion as an ethical issue Introduction Human beings find themselves in a number of ethical dilemmas, during which it is difficult to make the right decision. Sometimes people find themselves making wrong decisions as a result of poor judgment, or even as a result of negligence.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Analysis of abortion as an ethical issue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These kinds of dilemmas occur often in healthcare, in which medical practitioner may get a request from a patient which is ethically wrong. This paper analyses an abortion request by a patient as an ethical issue, and also outlines the pros and cons of abortion. Analysis of the issue facing Dr. Shelton The stated request by a patient for the doctor help to her in procuring an abortion just because she is expecting a girl is a great ethical dilemma. First of all, it is morally wrong for the pregnant lady to kill her fetus just because it is female. It is also m orally wrong for any doctor to help her procure an abortion on the basis of the child’s gender. Secondly, the doctor is bound by professional ethics not to use her medical knowledge to kill anyone (Ruddick 1). Some people may argue that the fetus cannot be regarded as a person, but it is true that she is indeed a person. Let us now have a look at the implications of whatever decision the doctor makes. Pros of abortions In the case under scrutiny in this paper, there are a limited number of benefits that could accrue after procuring an abortion. This is because the health of the abortion is normally recommended is ethically recommended if the health of the child and/or mother is compromised (Ladock 1). In this case, however, the mother wants to procure an abortion due to the fact that the fetus is female. Among the few benefits that may accrue to procuring an abortion in this case is the fact that the mother will not have to go through the financial stress of raising the femal e child after it is born. This is especially critical because the mother has clearly stated that she cannot afford to raise a girl. Another argument for abortion is the fact that the health of a fetus, especially during early months, is solely dependent on that of the mother, and thus regarding the two as separate entities can be erroneous (Lowen 1).Advertising Looking for term paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cons of abortion If the doctor had decided to help the patient procure an abortion, the patient will possibly face a number of problems. First, abortion is associated with an increased risk of infection, which may lead to a condition known as sepsis, in which the patient’s bloodstream gets too many bacteria to an extent that it cannot function normally (Gordon 1). The patient will also become susceptible to miscarriages in the future due to the abortion. In some cases, the p atient may also die while procuring the abortion. Additionally, after an abortion, the person who has procured it may end up in depression, which may result in other psychological disorders. From this discussion, it is clear that the doctor was right to decline assisting the lady to procure an abortion. Conclusion From the discussion above, it is apparent that making the right decision in an ethical dilemma can be a daunting task. However, facts and implications of decisions can be considered by any shrewd person to arrive at the best decision. For this case, and considering the fact that the mother wants to abort due to the sex of the fetus, Dr. Shelton made the right decision. Gordon, Glenn. â€Å"Abortion: the pros, the cons, and the inbetweens†. 2011. Web. Ladock, Jason. â€Å"Pros and Cons of Abortion†. 2011. Web. Lowen, Linda. â€Å"10 Arguments For Abortion and 10 Arguments Against Abortion†. 2011. Web. Ruddick, William. â€Å"Medical Ethics†. 199 8 – 2011. Web.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Analysis of abortion as an ethical issue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Suicide The Right to Die essays

Suicide The Right to Die essays The Right to Die, Physician-Assisted Suicide " I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect" The Hippocratic Oath Physician-Assisted suicide is one of the most controversial issues in our society today. During the 1990's, assisted suicide has become the subject of public debate and legislative action across the nation. Even the U.S Supreme Court has been involved in critical decisions involving the legalization of Physician-assisted suicide. These matters call into question the ethical standards and legal bases for all Doctors and Health Care Providers. The American Heritage Dictionary defines euthanasia as "the act of killing an individual for reasons considered to be merciful". Killing in this case is a physical action where one individual actively kills another. The word "euthanasia" comes from the Greek eu, "good" and thanatos, "death" or "good death". Doctor assisted-suicide can be considered auto-euthanasia. The Doctor provides the means for a patient to take their own life painlessly but does not actively or physically help that person die. Doctor assisted suicide is nothing new to society, dating back to the time Socrates 470-399 BC. With the interventions of Jack Kevorkian M.D., being played out in the media and in the courts, Doctor assisted suicide has become the focus of intense public and professional debate. Most of this attention is focused right here in Michigan because of Dr. Jack Kevorkian AKA, "Doctor Death". Doctor Kevorkian has assisted in over one hundred assisted suicides. There are many arguments for and against assisted suicide. Points for and against this practice encompass legal, ethical, religious and medical arguments. They are very complex and lengthy. Listed are just a few simplified issues from both sides of the debate. A person should have control over one's own body. This is a fundamental right, and individual...

Costco case study analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Costco analysis - Case Study Example Because of the low prices, the company covered all the operating expenses and got low operating profits. The method focused more on impressing the customers and increased membership fees and in the financial income, the membership fees were higher than the company’s net income. For the above reasons, the company may fail in the long run (Arthur, p. 195). The problem of pricing can only be solved as explained below. As the membership fees caters for the operating expenses, the company should maintain the prices. Since the goods and services are of high quality and underpriced, it may highly affect the company. To avoid the consequences, the company should use penetration-pricing model to solve the problem. In the model, goods are lowly priced and then are gradually increased to match the market value of the products. By using the penetration-pricing model, they will maintain sales, customers and most importantly increase organization profitability (Arthur,

Contemporary Issues in Auditing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Contemporary Issues in Auditing - Assignment Example An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe our that our audit will provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Our audit procedures will include test of of documentary evidence supporting the transactions recorded in the transactions, tests of physical existence of inventories, and direct confirmation of receivables and certain other assets and liabilities by correspondence with selected customers, creditors, legal counsel, and banks. At the conclusion of our audit, we request certain written representations from you about the financial statements and other related matters. Our fees for this audit will be based on the time spent by various members of our audit staff at our regular rates, pus direct direct expenses. We will notify you immediately if any circumstances we encounter that could significantly affect our initial audit fee estimate f In order to us to work as efficiently as possible, it is understood that your accounting staff will provide us with the prior year's trial balance on or before January 15, 2008, and also with the schedules and and account analysis described on the separate attachment. It is standard operating procedure tha... ..................... February 20, 2008 Delivery of audit report......................... March 5, 2008 Our fees for this audit will be based on the time spent by various members of our audit staff at our regular rates, pus direct direct expenses. We will notify you immediately if any circumstances we encounter that could significantly affect our initial audit fee estimate f8,000. In order to us to work as efficiently as possible, it is understood that your accounting staff will provide us with the prior year's trial balance on or before January 15, 2008, and also with the schedules and and account analysis described on the separate attachment. If these arrangements re in accordance with your understanding, please sign this letter in the space provided and return to a copy to us at your earliest convenience. Very truly yours,----------------------------------- Carter and Corbin Chartered Accountants Accepted by: ____________________ Date Ethical Part cover 15% - The information that should be passed to the new auditors- clearance from previous auditor To the Stockholders, Rentokill Initial London November 28, 2007 Dear sir/maa'am: It is standard operating procedure that a new external auditor must contact your company's former external auditor. Thus, please send us recommendation letter addressed to your prior

Rawls Principles Of Justice Philosophy Essay

Rawls Principles Of Justice Philosophy Essay What is justice. Merriam-Webster defines justice as the quality of being just, impartial, or fair; the principle or ideal of just dealing or right action; conformity to this principle or ideal. For our purposes, justice is also seen as a concept that is balanced between law and morality. John Rawls states that justice is the first virtue of social institutions. He states that justice is best understood by a grasp of the principles of justice which are expected to represent the moral basis political government. These principles indicate that humankind needs liberty and freedom to the extent that they do not harm others. He believes, correctly I agree, that justice is significant to human development and prosperity. Rawls states that the challenge of justice is to ensure a just distribution of primary goods that include powers and opportunities, rights and liberties, means of self-respect, income and wealth among others. He disputed the earlier predominant common source of injustice, the utilitarianism theory (which states that justice is best defined by that which provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people). The theory of utilitarianism completely ignores the moral worth of an individual. This theory does not take into consideration the minority aspect of the population. Rawls writes about one such example of this mistreatment of the minority in relation to how the Jewish people were treated by the Nazis in Germany. In respect to the mistreatment of minorities, Rawls writes that you cannot reimburse for the sufferings of the distressed by enhancing the hoys of the successful. Fairness, according to him, occurs when the society makes sure that every individual is treated equall y before the law and given a chance to succeed in a socially-moderated life. He developed a concept that he deemed the original position, which gives people a chance to decide on the principles of justice from a veil of ignorance. This original position is a hypothetical situation where no one has any advantage over another. I find the veil of ignorance very interesting. Behind this veil, all individuals are specified as rational, free and morally equal beings in society. They do not know anything of themselves, their natural abilities, or their set position in the society in which they live. They have no idea of their sex, race, nationality, or individual tastes. Would they choose differently if they werent aware of these things? Would their society be less judgmental? I firmly believe so. I believe they would make choices about their lives that would adopt a strategy that would maximize the prospects of the not-so-well off, and make society a better balanced society. According to Rawls, the people in the original position, behind said veil of ignorance, wou ld adopt principles that would monitor the assignment of rights and duties and regulating the distribution of social and economic advantages in the society. His difference principle allows inequalities in the distribution of goods when the states inequalities benefit the least well off members of the society. However, Michael Sandel, noted author of Justice: Whats the Right Thing to Do?, would state that the idea of the veil of ignorance is unachievable. He argues that we are entangled with our communities, our pasts, and our sense of the possible future. If we are ashamed of what our country does, or proud of it, we are tacitly admitting that we are claimed by moral ties that we have not chosen and implicated in the narratives that shape our identity as moral agents. Sandel also believes the just society can be better achieved through a more emotional, patriotic and even religious appeal, rather than through Rawlss abstract liberalism. Sandel thinks that Rawlss liberal theory of justice fails because the neutrality of values associated with it begins with the false assumption that citizens are unencumbered selves totally unbound by any history, civic loyalties, sociopolitical circumstances, aims and attachments. We are all undeniably entwined with our communities. Other than Sandel, another critic of Rawlss position is Susan Moller Okin, author of, Reason and Feeling in Thinking About Justice. One would think that Rawlss theory would support feminist thinkers who seek to overturn the injustices suffered by women. The original position being supposedly blind to gender and tradition, and so, it seems, are the principles of justice Rawls derives. However, Susan Okin has several arguments against Rawlss theories, or in favor of adjustments to his theories. One of her first problems is that Rawlss theory is limited to public justice the deliberators are meant to be heads of families not necessarily gendered but entails that justice does not apply within families. Thus sacrifices for domestic arrangements such as childbearing, childcare, and housework, traditionally made by women, are simply not considered. He simply assumes families are just institutions, which in my opinion is far from true. Rawls also stresses the role of proper moral developm ent, which he believes is to take place within families. Upbringing must be both loving and just. However, how can a proper upbringing take place if the women of the family are not placed on equal foundations with the men? Rawls underplays the role of emotion in rational decision-making. This is not to say that only women use emotions to make decisions, but that the idea that anybody could make any decision free from emotional influences is a characteristically male attribute. Nevertheless, Okin thinks that in the right hands, Rawlss original position, which is blind to gender and tradition, has the potential to provide a framework for critique of systems which are gender-biased. Its just that Rawls fails to do this. The general conception of this principle is that all primary goods, such as liberty and opportunity, self-respect, incomes, and wealth, are supposed to be distributed equally unless an unequal distribution of any or all of these primary goods are to the advantage of the least favored. The good is the satisfaction of rational desire thus making the goods different, but all people having a right to said goods. All individuals have equal right to the most general of basic liberties. Economic and social inequalities are to be set in a way that they are both rationally projected to be everyones advantage, and to be attached to positions that are open to all people in society. Rawls writes about three general principles of justice. The first said principle is the principle of greatest equal liberty. This principle states that each person has an equal right to the most basic liberty. It determines the basic rights that should be retained such as, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the political liberties to vote, run for office, own property, and to have freedom of speech. These have to be protected to guarantee the development and prosperity of others. The second of Rawlss principles is the principle of fair equality of wealth and opportunity. According to this principle, everyone should have the same opportunities to make wealth, work, or govern in a public office. The only difference being the knowledge and skills of the individual. He states that it is in everyones advantage if positions of authority are accessible for any person to lead the community. The third principle of Rawls indicates that any social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that they are to th e greatest benefit to the least advantaged individuals in society. It indicates that for any effective change to be considered as an improvement, it should affect the least privileged. This principle is often referred to as the difference principle. Another critic of Rawls is Robert Nozick, author of Anarchy, The State and Utopia, which was primarily written to refute the theories of John Rawls. Specifically, Nozick takes issue with Rawls conception of distributive justice as it pertains to economic inequalities. Rawls wrote that economic inequalities should only be permitted if they are to the benefit of society, and especially if they are to the benefit of its least advantaged members; this has come to be known as the difference principle. Nozick believed that no one had any business permitting economic inequalities at all. To Nozick, as long as economic inequalities arise from voluntary exchange, they cannot be unjust. Rawls saw the importance of liberty, but he also saw the tragedy of inequality, particularly as it pertains to extreme poverty. To Rawls, it is unconscionable that some should be born into a life of misery and poverty while others enjoy great wealth without lifting a finger. To Nozick, the unconscionable thing is that anyone should feel the justified in appropriating property that is rightly entitled to someone else. I believe that while Rawlss theory of justice is admirable, it does have some flaws and weaknesses. Rawlss theory is not a formula for deciding what is right and wrong, but a framework for proposing principles of justice. No one can really know what a specific set of people would actually decide if they didnt know what sort of people they would be, what sort of lives and what appetite for risk they would have. But that does not mean the thought experiment cannot be used as a test. Would people who knew they could turn out to be Jewish, in a context of historic embedded anti-Semitism, agree to principles which allowed public bodies to impose anti-Jewish quotas, purportedly as a way to avoiding the possible consequences of anti-Semitism? Unlikely.